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Name: ad klk1
Brand: Vector Biolabs
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Administration of <t>Ad-klk1</t> increases Klk1 protein expression ( A ) Western blot of Klk1 protein (MW: 28 kDa) and ( B ) immunohistochemical results (indicated by pink staining) of Klk1 protein expression in the kidney of the spontaneous cohort. Images were taken at 40× magnification and analyzed using ImageJ (1.54f software). The results are expressed as mean ±SEM. An unpaired t -test was used; * p ≤ 0.05 and *** p ≤ 0.001 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Ad Klk1, supplied by Vector Biolabs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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1) Product Images from "Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model"

Article Title: Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

doi: 10.3390/ijms251810080

Administration of Ad-klk1 increases Klk1 protein expression ( A ) Western blot of Klk1 protein (MW: 28 kDa) and ( B ) immunohistochemical results (indicated by pink staining) of Klk1 protein expression in the kidney of the spontaneous cohort. Images were taken at 40× magnification and analyzed using ImageJ (1.54f software). The results are expressed as mean ±SEM. An unpaired t -test was used; * p ≤ 0.05 and *** p ≤ 0.001 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Figure Legend Snippet: Administration of Ad-klk1 increases Klk1 protein expression ( A ) Western blot of Klk1 protein (MW: 28 kDa) and ( B ) immunohistochemical results (indicated by pink staining) of Klk1 protein expression in the kidney of the spontaneous cohort. Images were taken at 40× magnification and analyzed using ImageJ (1.54f software). The results are expressed as mean ±SEM. An unpaired t -test was used; * p ≤ 0.05 and *** p ≤ 0.001 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Techniques Used: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Software

Tissue Klk1 decreases IRGs and hmgb1 gene expression in the brain and periphery: ( A ) Spontaneous MRL/lpr mice and ( B ) IFNα-induced MRL/lpr mice. The data, obtained by qPCR, were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the fold change in gene expression in the Ad-Klk1 group compared to the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis). * p ≤ 0.05 and ** p ≤ 0.01 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group in the spontaneous cohort, and n = 5 mice/group in the IFNα-induced cohort.

Figure Legend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 decreases IRGs and hmgb1 gene expression in the brain and periphery: ( A ) Spontaneous MRL/lpr mice and ( B ) IFNα-induced MRL/lpr mice. The data, obtained by qPCR, were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the fold change in gene expression in the Ad-Klk1 group compared to the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis). * p ≤ 0.05 and ** p ≤ 0.01 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group in the spontaneous cohort, and n = 5 mice/group in the IFNα-induced cohort.

Techniques Used: Expressing

Tissue Klk1 reduces inflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma: ( A ) Spontaneous MRL/lpr mice and ( B ) IFNα-induced MRL/lpr mice. Multiplex cytokine analysis was performed using the MSD ELISA kit. The data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM. * p ≤ 0.05 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group in the spontaneous cohort, and n = 5 mice/group in the IFNα-induced cohort.

Figure Legend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 reduces inflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma: ( A ) Spontaneous MRL/lpr mice and ( B ) IFNα-induced MRL/lpr mice. Multiplex cytokine analysis was performed using the MSD ELISA kit. The data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM. * p ≤ 0.05 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group in the spontaneous cohort, and n = 5 mice/group in the IFNα-induced cohort.

Techniques Used: Multiplex Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Tissue Klk1 decreases plasma IFNα levels and proteins in Type I IFN signaling: ( A ) Plasma IFNα levels in the spontaneous MRL/lpr mice were measured using the high sensitivity Verikine ELISA kit and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of IFNα levels (pg/mL). Western blot analysis of IFNAR1 (MW: 64 kDa) and JAK1 (MW: 80 kDa) protein levels in the ( B ) kidney and ( C ) spleen of spontaneous MRL/lpr mice. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the fold change in protein levels in the Ad-Klk1 group compared to the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis). * p ≤ 0.05 and ** p ≤ 0.01 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Figure Legend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 decreases plasma IFNα levels and proteins in Type I IFN signaling: ( A ) Plasma IFNα levels in the spontaneous MRL/lpr mice were measured using the high sensitivity Verikine ELISA kit and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of IFNα levels (pg/mL). Western blot analysis of IFNAR1 (MW: 64 kDa) and JAK1 (MW: 80 kDa) protein levels in the ( B ) kidney and ( C ) spleen of spontaneous MRL/lpr mice. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the fold change in protein levels in the Ad-Klk1 group compared to the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis). * p ≤ 0.05 and ** p ≤ 0.01 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Techniques Used: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

Tissue Klk1 decreases depressive-like behavior and depression-related gene expression in the spontaneous MRL/lpr mice: ( A ) Tail suspension test (TST). ( B ) Plasma serotonin levels were estimated by using the ELISA kit. ( C ) Gene expression analysis of serotonin regulators in the brain; the results are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the fold change in gene expression in the Ad-Klk1 group compared to the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis). ( D ) Correlation of the immobility time in the TST with plasma IFNα levels and serotonin-related markers (brain isg15 , 5htt , and tph-2 ). The data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and * p ≤ 0.05 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Figure Legend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 decreases depressive-like behavior and depression-related gene expression in the spontaneous MRL/lpr mice: ( A ) Tail suspension test (TST). ( B ) Plasma serotonin levels were estimated by using the ELISA kit. ( C ) Gene expression analysis of serotonin regulators in the brain; the results are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the fold change in gene expression in the Ad-Klk1 group compared to the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis). ( D ) Correlation of the immobility time in the TST with plasma IFNα levels and serotonin-related markers (brain isg15 , 5htt , and tph-2 ). The data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and * p ≤ 0.05 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Techniques Used: Expressing, Suspension, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Tissue Klk1 reduced microglial inflammatory state and number. Immunohistochemical staining of IBA-1 in microglia. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the percentage area of IBA-1 staining in the cortex region of the brain at 40× magnification (brown staining, indicated by yellow arrows) using ImageJ (1.54f software). * p ≤ 0.05 compared to Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Figure Legend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 reduced microglial inflammatory state and number. Immunohistochemical staining of IBA-1 in microglia. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the percentage area of IBA-1 staining in the cortex region of the brain at 40× magnification (brown staining, indicated by yellow arrows) using ImageJ (1.54f software). * p ≤ 0.05 compared to Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Techniques Used: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Software

Tissue Klk1 decreases C3 and IgG protein levels in the kidney: Western blot analysis of C3 (MW: 50 kDa) and IgG (MW: 50 kDa) protein levels in the kidney of spontaneous MRL/lpr mice. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the fold change in protein levels in the Ad-Klk1 group compared to the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis). * p ≤ 0.05 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Figure Legend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 decreases C3 and IgG protein levels in the kidney: Western blot analysis of C3 (MW: 50 kDa) and IgG (MW: 50 kDa) protein levels in the kidney of spontaneous MRL/lpr mice. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the fold change in protein levels in the Ad-Klk1 group compared to the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis). * p ≤ 0.05 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Techniques Used: Western Blot

Tissue Klk1 alters BK receptor expression in the spontaneous MRL/lpr mice: ( A ) Fold change in b1r and b2r gene expression in the brain of the Ad-Klk1 group compared to those of the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis), as measured by qPCR. Fold change in B1R (MW: 40 kDa) and B2R (MW: 50 kDa) protein levels in the ( B ) kidneys and ( C ) spleen of the Ad-Klk1 group compared to those of the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis), as measured by western blot. The results are expressed as mean ±SEM. An unpaired t -test was used; * p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.001 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Figure Legend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 alters BK receptor expression in the spontaneous MRL/lpr mice: ( A ) Fold change in b1r and b2r gene expression in the brain of the Ad-Klk1 group compared to those of the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis), as measured by qPCR. Fold change in B1R (MW: 40 kDa) and B2R (MW: 50 kDa) protein levels in the ( B ) kidneys and ( C ) spleen of the Ad-Klk1 group compared to those of the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis), as measured by western blot. The results are expressed as mean ±SEM. An unpaired t -test was used; * p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.001 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Techniques Used: Expressing, Western Blot

Scheme of the experiment: One cohort of nine-week-old MRL/lpr mice was administered with IFNα- or saline-carrying osmotic pump (IFNα-induced response) on day −2, followed by the retro-orbital administration of Ad-klk1 or Ad-gfp vector on day 0. The spontaneous cohort received Ad-klk1 or control ( Ad-gfp ) vector only. Behavioral studies were performed on day 15, and the mice were sacrificed on day 17 to collect the brain, spleen, kidneys, and blood.

Figure Legend Snippet: Scheme of the experiment: One cohort of nine-week-old MRL/lpr mice was administered with IFNα- or saline-carrying osmotic pump (IFNα-induced response) on day −2, followed by the retro-orbital administration of Ad-klk1 or Ad-gfp vector on day 0. The spontaneous cohort received Ad-klk1 or control ( Ad-gfp ) vector only. Behavioral studies were performed on day 15, and the mice were sacrificed on day 17 to collect the brain, spleen, kidneys, and blood.

Techniques Used: Saline, Plasmid Preparation, Control

Tissue Klk1 suppresses Type I IFN responses through IFNAR1, BRs, and PAR2 and reduces depressive-like behavior in the MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice: The present study demonstrates that tissue Klk1 administration reduces IFNα, IFNAR1, JAK1, and IRF7, consequently suppressing IRG expression. Our previous study has shown a reduction in signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) phosphorylation (shown in blue color) following bradykinin (BK) administration, which, along with other pathway proteins (shown in grey color), will be studied in detail in the future. We observed a consequential reduction in the levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2, a rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis), serotonin (5-HT), serotonin transporter (5-HTT), and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A, a serotonin receptor). We also observed depressive-like behaviors in MRL/lpr mice. Alleviation of inflammatory and IFN responses may be mediated via the alteration in BK receptors (B1R and B2R) and protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) expression; the mechanisms need to be studied in detail (indicated with dashed arrows). The therapeutic effects of Klk1 are shown in green notation, and SLE and NPSLE pathogenesis are represented in red notation.

Figure Legend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 suppresses Type I IFN responses through IFNAR1, BRs, and PAR2 and reduces depressive-like behavior in the MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice: The present study demonstrates that tissue Klk1 administration reduces IFNα, IFNAR1, JAK1, and IRF7, consequently suppressing IRG expression. Our previous study has shown a reduction in signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) phosphorylation (shown in blue color) following bradykinin (BK) administration, which, along with other pathway proteins (shown in grey color), will be studied in detail in the future. We observed a consequential reduction in the levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2, a rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis), serotonin (5-HT), serotonin transporter (5-HTT), and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A, a serotonin receptor). We also observed depressive-like behaviors in MRL/lpr mice. Alleviation of inflammatory and IFN responses may be mediated via the alteration in BK receptors (B1R and B2R) and protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) expression; the mechanisms need to be studied in detail (indicated with dashed arrows). The therapeutic effects of Klk1 are shown in green notation, and SLE and NPSLE pathogenesis are represented in red notation.

Techniques Used: Expressing

Image Search Results

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model

doi: 10.3390/ijms251810080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Administration of Ad-klk1 increases Klk1 protein expression ( A ) Western blot of Klk1 protein (MW: 28 kDa) and ( B ) immunohistochemical results (indicated by pink staining) of Klk1 protein expression in the kidney of the spontaneous cohort. Images were taken at 40× magnification and analyzed using ImageJ (1.54f software). The results are expressed as mean ±SEM. An unpaired t -test was used; * p ≤ 0.05 and *** p ≤ 0.001 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Article Snippet: The Ad-klk1 was obtained from Vector Biolabs (Malvern, PA, USA) and synthesized as described previously [ ].

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Software

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model

doi: 10.3390/ijms251810080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 decreases IRGs and hmgb1 gene expression in the brain and periphery: ( A ) Spontaneous MRL/lpr mice and ( B ) IFNα-induced MRL/lpr mice. The data, obtained by qPCR, were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the fold change in gene expression in the Ad-Klk1 group compared to the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis). * p ≤ 0.05 and ** p ≤ 0.01 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group in the spontaneous cohort, and n = 5 mice/group in the IFNα-induced cohort.

Article Snippet: The Ad-klk1 was obtained from Vector Biolabs (Malvern, PA, USA) and synthesized as described previously [ ].

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model

doi: 10.3390/ijms251810080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 reduces inflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma: ( A ) Spontaneous MRL/lpr mice and ( B ) IFNα-induced MRL/lpr mice. Multiplex cytokine analysis was performed using the MSD ELISA kit. The data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM. * p ≤ 0.05 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group in the spontaneous cohort, and n = 5 mice/group in the IFNα-induced cohort.

Article Snippet: The Ad-klk1 was obtained from Vector Biolabs (Malvern, PA, USA) and synthesized as described previously [ ].

Techniques: Multiplex Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model

doi: 10.3390/ijms251810080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 decreases plasma IFNα levels and proteins in Type I IFN signaling: ( A ) Plasma IFNα levels in the spontaneous MRL/lpr mice were measured using the high sensitivity Verikine ELISA kit and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of IFNα levels (pg/mL). Western blot analysis of IFNAR1 (MW: 64 kDa) and JAK1 (MW: 80 kDa) protein levels in the ( B ) kidney and ( C ) spleen of spontaneous MRL/lpr mice. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the fold change in protein levels in the Ad-Klk1 group compared to the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis). * p ≤ 0.05 and ** p ≤ 0.01 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Article Snippet: The Ad-klk1 was obtained from Vector Biolabs (Malvern, PA, USA) and synthesized as described previously [ ].

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model

doi: 10.3390/ijms251810080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 decreases depressive-like behavior and depression-related gene expression in the spontaneous MRL/lpr mice: ( A ) Tail suspension test (TST). ( B ) Plasma serotonin levels were estimated by using the ELISA kit. ( C ) Gene expression analysis of serotonin regulators in the brain; the results are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the fold change in gene expression in the Ad-Klk1 group compared to the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis). ( D ) Correlation of the immobility time in the TST with plasma IFNα levels and serotonin-related markers (brain isg15 , 5htt , and tph-2 ). The data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and * p ≤ 0.05 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Article Snippet: The Ad-klk1 was obtained from Vector Biolabs (Malvern, PA, USA) and synthesized as described previously [ ].

Techniques: Expressing, Suspension, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model

doi: 10.3390/ijms251810080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 reduced microglial inflammatory state and number. Immunohistochemical staining of IBA-1 in microglia. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the percentage area of IBA-1 staining in the cortex region of the brain at 40× magnification (brown staining, indicated by yellow arrows) using ImageJ (1.54f software). * p ≤ 0.05 compared to Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Article Snippet: The Ad-klk1 was obtained from Vector Biolabs (Malvern, PA, USA) and synthesized as described previously [ ].

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Software

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model

doi: 10.3390/ijms251810080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 decreases C3 and IgG protein levels in the kidney: Western blot analysis of C3 (MW: 50 kDa) and IgG (MW: 50 kDa) protein levels in the kidney of spontaneous MRL/lpr mice. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t -test and are expressed as the mean ±SEM of the fold change in protein levels in the Ad-Klk1 group compared to the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis). * p ≤ 0.05 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Article Snippet: The Ad-klk1 was obtained from Vector Biolabs (Malvern, PA, USA) and synthesized as described previously [ ].

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model

doi: 10.3390/ijms251810080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 alters BK receptor expression in the spontaneous MRL/lpr mice: ( A ) Fold change in b1r and b2r gene expression in the brain of the Ad-Klk1 group compared to those of the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis), as measured by qPCR. Fold change in B1R (MW: 40 kDa) and B2R (MW: 50 kDa) protein levels in the ( B ) kidneys and ( C ) spleen of the Ad-Klk1 group compared to those of the Ad-GFP group (marked as a solid black line at 1.0 on the Y axis), as measured by western blot. The results are expressed as mean ±SEM. An unpaired t -test was used; * p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.001 compared to the Ad-GFP group; n = 7–8 mice/group.

Article Snippet: The Ad-klk1 was obtained from Vector Biolabs (Malvern, PA, USA) and synthesized as described previously [ ].

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model

doi: 10.3390/ijms251810080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Scheme of the experiment: One cohort of nine-week-old MRL/lpr mice was administered with IFNα- or saline-carrying osmotic pump (IFNα-induced response) on day −2, followed by the retro-orbital administration of Ad-klk1 or Ad-gfp vector on day 0. The spontaneous cohort received Ad-klk1 or control ( Ad-gfp ) vector only. Behavioral studies were performed on day 15, and the mice were sacrificed on day 17 to collect the brain, spleen, kidneys, and blood.

Article Snippet: The Ad-klk1 was obtained from Vector Biolabs (Malvern, PA, USA) and synthesized as described previously [ ].

Techniques: Saline, Plasmid Preparation, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model

doi: 10.3390/ijms251810080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tissue Klk1 suppresses Type I IFN responses through IFNAR1, BRs, and PAR2 and reduces depressive-like behavior in the MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice: The present study demonstrates that tissue Klk1 administration reduces IFNα, IFNAR1, JAK1, and IRF7, consequently suppressing IRG expression. Our previous study has shown a reduction in signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) phosphorylation (shown in blue color) following bradykinin (BK) administration, which, along with other pathway proteins (shown in grey color), will be studied in detail in the future. We observed a consequential reduction in the levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2, a rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis), serotonin (5-HT), serotonin transporter (5-HTT), and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A, a serotonin receptor). We also observed depressive-like behaviors in MRL/lpr mice. Alleviation of inflammatory and IFN responses may be mediated via the alteration in BK receptors (B1R and B2R) and protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) expression; the mechanisms need to be studied in detail (indicated with dashed arrows). The therapeutic effects of Klk1 are shown in green notation, and SLE and NPSLE pathogenesis are represented in red notation.

Article Snippet: The Ad-klk1 was obtained from Vector Biolabs (Malvern, PA, USA) and synthesized as described previously [ ].

Techniques: Expressing

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1) Product Images from "Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model"

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